Contents
Abbreviations
Foreword
Executive Summary
1. Gender Poverty and Development Policy
Introduction
A Brief History of Poverty and Development Policy
Up to the 1960s Early strategies for growth 1970s and 1980s Economic crises and structural adjustment
1990s Reports from the World Bank and UNDP
2000 World Development Report (WDR)
The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Putting Gender on the Policy Agenda
1970s and 1980s Making the links between gender and development
Gender and the 1990 World Development Report
Gender and the Human Development Report (HDR)
Gender and the 2000 World Development Report The World Bank's 2001 report
Gender and the Millennium Development Goals
Conclusion
2. Integrating Gender into Macroeconomic Analysis
Introduction
Gender Bias in Macroeconomic Analysis
Empirical Findings
Gender Equality and Economic Growth Competing Hypotheses
3. The Geography of Gender Inequality
Introduction
Institutions and Gender Inequality
Regional Perspectives on Gender Inequality
Updating the Geography of Gender
Classifying Gender Constraints Conclusion
4. Approaches to Poverty Analysis and its Gender Dimensions
Introduction
The Poverty Line Approach
The Capabilities Approach
Participatory Poverty Assessments (PPAs)
Conclusion
5. Gender Inequality and Poverty Eradication Promoting Household Livelihoods
Introduction
Gender Inequality and Household Poverty in South Asia
Gender Inequality and Household Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa
Links Between Gender Inequality and Income Poverty The Wider Picture
Conclusion
6. Gender Equality and Human Development Outcomes Enhancing Capabilities
Introduction
Gender Inequality and Human Development The Equity Rationale
Gender Inequality and Family Well-being The Instrumental Rationale
Conclusion
7. Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment
Introduction
Conceptualising Empowerment Agency Resources and Achievement
Access to Education and Women's Empowerment
Access to Paid Work and Women's Empowerment
Voice and Participation and Women's Empowerment
Agency and Collective Action Building Citizenship from the Grassroots
Conclusion
8. Institutionalising Gender Equity Goals in the Policy Process
Introduction
Gender Equality and Economic Growth Synergy or Trade-off
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) A Gender Audit
Gender responsive Budget (GRB) Analysis
Mainstreaming Gender in Policy making Institutions
Mobilising around Gender Equity Goals Building Active Citizenship
Conclusion
Select Bibliography
Glossary
Tables
1.1 The Millennium Development Goals
3.1 Estimated Economic Activity Rate of Women and Female Percentage of the Labour Force
3.2 Employment by Economic Activity
7.1 Women in Public Life
Figures
2.1 The Iceberg View of the Economy
3.1 Social Hierarchy of Livelihoods

This book explores the issue of gender inequality through the lens of the Millennium Development Goals, particularly the first one of halving world poverty by 2015. The book aims to bring together arguments, findings and lessons from the development literature which are relevant to the achievement of these goals from the standpoint of gender equality. It draws out the inter-connections between production and gender (and women's critical role in straddling both) and their implications for poverty eradication strategies and the achievement of human-centred economic growth.